PENGERTIAN ADVERB
Adverb adalah kata yang menjelaskan: bagaimana caranya, dimana tempatnya, kapan waktunya, berapa kali dan sebagainya, suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau suatu peristiwa terjadi.
 |
| Adverb (Kata Keterangan) |
FUNGSI ADVERBS
Adverbs dapat menjelaskan atau memberi keterangan terhadap: verbs (kata kerja), adjective, noun phrase, atau adverb yang lain, atau seluruh kalimat. Karena fungsinya yang demikian itu, maka adverbs disebut sebagai modifier (penjelas/pembatas).
--Adverbs as modifier a verb.
- The boy threw the ball quickly.
- She opened the door quietly.
- They speak English fluently.
- He drives a car carefully.
--Adverb as modifier (intensifier) of an adjective.
- The very small boy threw the ball quickly.
- He is an extremely pleasant person.
- It was an interestingly designed museum.
- He was a highly motivated young man.
--Adverb as modifier of other adverbs.
- The small boy threw the ball very quickly.
- My sister plays the piano very well.
- He drives a car very carefully.
- She spoke extremely quickly.
- I expect them pretty soon.
--Adverb as modifier noun phrases.
- He had quite a party.
- They were quite some players.
- It was rather a mess.
- He is such a fool.
- She had a bit of a shock.
--Adverbs as modifier of an entire sentence.
- Fortunately, the boy threw the ball quickly.
- Yesterday, we submitted the report to the committee.
- Obviously, they will not finished on time.
- Nearly everybody came to our party.
- Virtually, all the students participated in the discussion.
Baca juga: Penjelasan conjunction lengkap.
MACAM-MACAM ADVERBS
Dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak jenis adverbs, akan tetapi dalam bagian ini hanya akan diuraikan 8 macam adverb yang sangat penting fungsinya dalam kalimat, yaitu:
- Adverb of Manner.
- Adverb of Place and Direction.
- Adverb of Time.
- Adverb of Degree.
- Adverb of Frequency.
- Adveb of Vocative.
- Adverb of Negation.
- Adverb of Intensifier/Emphasis.
e.g.:
- He runs quickly.
- Zulia sings sweetly.
- She is typing neatly.
- Ridwan speaks English fluently.
ADVERB OF PLACE AND DIRECTION adalah kata keterangan yang menjelaskan tempat terjadinya tindakan atau peristiwa.
e.g.:
- She'll come here again.
- They will go abroad.
- I can't find any glasses anywhere.
- They walked down.
ADVERB OF TIME adalah kata keterangan yang menyatakan waktu terjadinya suatu pekerjaan atau peristiwa. Ada dua macam keterangan waktu:
- Definite Time (tertentu). Misalnya: yesterday, now, saturday night, today, tomorrow, ... etc.
- Indefinite Time (tak tentu). Misalnya: recently, soon, already, just, still, nowadays, next, ... etc.
e.g.:
- I am studying English now. (definite time)
- She arrived here yesterday. (definite time)
- Umar has just finished working. (indefitine time)
- She will come here soon. (indefinite time)
ADVERB OF DEGREE adalah keterangan yang menjelaskan tingkat, derajat atau seberapa jauh sesuatu hal itu. Ada dua macam Adverb of Degree, yaitu:
- Yang menunjukkan how much berkenaan dengan Adjective atau Adverb. Misalnya: very, too, rather, somewhat, extremely, fairly, exceedingly, quite, etc.
e.g.:
- She became quite angry with me.
- He always walks rather quickly.
- This coffee is very hot.
- Yang menunjukkan how complete (seberapa sempurna). Misalnya: almost, nearly, partially,wholly, utterly, practically, entirely, ... etc.
e.g.:
Yang berkenaan dengan Verbs.
- He has almost finished working.
- He has now partially recovered from his illness.
- She completely misunderstood her husband's remark.
Tingkat kesempurnaan yang berkenaan dengan Adjective.
- They are practically ready to begin the show.
- The man were utterly exhausted.
- Nearly every woman loves a bargain.
ADVERB OF FREQUENCY adalah kata keterangan yang menyatakan frekuensi-frekuensi sering-tidaknya- suatu peristiwa dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Misalnya: usually, always, often, sometimes, rarely, scarcely, hardly ever, never, ... etc.
e.g.:
- She sometimes comes late.
- He always wakes up early.
- We often study in the night.
ADVERB OF VOCATIVE adalah kata keterangan yang digunakan untuk menunjuk langsung.
e.g.:
- You, come here!
- Everybody, help me, please!
- John, come here! / Come here, John!
ADVERB OF NEGATION adalah kata keterangan yang digunakan untuk menyangkal. Misalnya: no, not, never, ... etc.
e.g.:
- She does not look at us.
- No, I don't.
- Never do I do it.
ADVERB OF INTENSIFIER/EMPHASIS adalah kata keterangan yang berfungsi sebagai penegas sesuatu yang dijelaskan. Misalnya: especially, exactly, only, just, do, does, did, myself, ... etc.
e.g.:
- I just want to help my sister.
- Only you come here.
- I myself bought this car.
- I do love you.
URUTAN SUSUNAN KATA KETERANGAN (ADVERB) DALAM KALIMAT
Penempatan kata keterangan dalam suatu kalimat pada umumnya menggunakan pola sebagai berikut:
- Dalam keadaaan biasa, kata keterangan disusun dalam urutan Adverb of Place of Direction, Adverb of Frequency, Adverb of Time.
e.g.:
- I have been to London several time this year.
- He walked round the park twice before supper.
- She gave lectures at the college three days a week last year.
- Dalam keadaan biasa, kata keterangan disusun dalam urutan Adverb of Manner, Place, and Time.
e.g.:
- Arifah studes seriously at school everyday.
- Ali ate food greedily at home this morning.
- My elder brother worked hard at the office yesterday.
- Adverb of Frequency menempati posisi setelah kata kerja bantu (auxilary verb/modal), bila dalam kalimat ada kata kerja bantu-nya.
e.g.:
- I have almost finished working.
- They didn't even try to help.
- She has just finished breakfast.
- His post has already come.
- Bila terdapat 'verb of movement' atau kata kerja yang menunjukkan gerak/perpindahan, maka di belakangnya langsung diikuti 'adverb of place' yang seolah-olah berfungsi sebagai obyek tujuan. Kata kerja tersebut misalnya: go, move, visit, come, run, walk, jump, travel, dan lain sebagainya.
e.g.:
- We will go to Bali by plane.
- She drives her car slowly to the village.
- The finally arrived home after spending the whole night on the road. etc.
Sekian penjelasan mengenai kata keterangan (adverb). Semoga bermanfaat.
